Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Chapter Nine
  • Chemical Reactions
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Fire Works are Chemical Reactions
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Zinc reacts with sulfur
  • Fig. 9.1
  • When a hot nail is stuck into a pile of zinc and sulfur, a fiery combination reaction occurs and zinc sulfide forms.
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Precipitation of lead iodide In solution
  • Fig. 9.2
  • A double-replacement reaction involving solutions of potassium and lead nitrate produces yellow, insoluble lead iodide as one of the products.
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Combustion reaction and CO2
  • CC 9.1
  • Combustion reaction and global warming
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Types of Chemical Reactions
  • Aluminum reacting with iodine (purple smoke)
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Redox Reactions: Electron transfer
  • Fig. 9.3
  • The burning of calcium metal in chlorine is a redox reaction.
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Oxidation Number
  • Fig. 9.4
  • An increase in oxidation number is associated with the process of oxidation, a decrease with the process of reduction.
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Redox terminology
  • Table 9.1
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Corrosion of metal is redox
  • CC 9.2
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Activation Energy
  • Fig. 9.5
  • Rubbing a match head against a rough surface provides the activation energy needed for the match to ignite.
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Collisions orientation matters
  • Fig. 9.6
  • The most favorable collision orientation is one that puts an O atom from NO2 in close proximity to the C atom of CO.
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Energy graphs: Exothermic or Endothermic
  • Fig. 9.7
  • Energy graphs showing the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction.
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Rates of reactions are different
  • Figs. 9.8a-d
  • A fire (a) is a much faster reaction than the ripening of fruit (b), which is much faster than the process of rusting (c), which is much faster than the process of aging (d).
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Catalysts lowers activation energy
  • Fig. 9.9
  • Catalysts lowers the activation energy for chemical reactions.
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Factors affecting chemical ceactions
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Reaction rates and reactant concentration
  • Fig. 9.10
  • Graphs showing how reaction rates and reactant concentration vary with time.
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Smog is caused by automobile-emissions
  • CC 9.3
  • Los Angeles Smog
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What does equilibrium constant  Keq means?
  • Table 9.2
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Louis Chatelier Principle
  • Fig. 9.11
  • Henri Louis Chatelier was amazingly diverse in his interests.
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Shifts in equilibrium
  • Fig. 9.12
  • Concentration changes that result when H2 is added to an equilibrium mixture.
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Temperature can shift the equilibrium
  • Fig. 9.13
  • Equilibrium mixtures changing color with difference in temperatures.