Notes
Slide Show
Outline
1
Chapter Ten
  • Acids, Bases, and Salts
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Acidity of the water matters
  • CO 10.1
  • Fish are very sensitive to the acidity of the water present in an aquarium.
3
In water acids and bases dissociate
  • Fig. 10.1
  • The difference between the aqueous solution processes of ionization and dissociation.
4
Litmus changed color in acids and bases
  • Fig. 10.2
  • Litmus is a vegetable dye obtained from certain lichens found principally in the Netherlands.
5
Some acids and bases reactions does not require water
  • Fig. 10.3
  • A white cloud of finely divided solid NH4Cl is produced by the acid-base reaction that results when the colorless gases HCl and NH3 mix.
6
Acid and base  strengths and pH
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Acids tastes sour
  • Fig. 10.4
  • The sour taste of limes and other citrus fruit is due to the citric acid present in the fruit juice.
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Ka for some acids and ions
  • Table 10.2
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Weak acids have fewer ions
  • Fig. 10.5
  • A comparison of the number of acidic species present in strong acid and weak acid solutions of the same concentration.
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Hydroxy bases of group IA and IIA
  • Table 10.3



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Ka and percent ionization
  • Table 10.4



12
Acid and base reactions produce salts
  • Fig. 10.6
  • The acid-base reaction between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide produces the insoluble salt barium sulfate.
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Neutralization is water formation
  • Fig. 10.7
  • Formation of water by the transfer of protons from H3O+ ion to OH- ions.
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 Common anti-acids
  • CC 10.1



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H3O+ and OH- ion concentrations flip-flop
  • Fig. 10.9
  • The relationship between H3O+ and OH- in aqueous solution is an inverse proportion.
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[H3O+] and [OH-] ion product is constant
  • Table 10.5
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pH of aqueous solutions
  • Fig. 10.10
  • Most fruits and vegetable are acidic.
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[H3O+] and [OH-] ion concentrations
  • Fig. 10.11
  • Relationship among pH values, H3O+ and OH- at 24 degrees Celsius .
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pH of different solutions
  • Fig. 10.12
  • pH values of selected common liquids.
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pH meter is helpful
  • Fig. 10.13
  • A pH meter gives an accurate measurement of pH values.
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pH of body fluids
  • Table 10.6
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Acidity/basicity of salt solutions
  • Table 10.7


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Summary of acids
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Acidity of various solutions
  • CC 10.2
  • Acid Rain
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Predicting pH of salts solutions
  • Table 10.8


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Buffers solutions compared to unbuffered
  • Table 10.9
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Buffers solutions compared to unbuffere
  • Fig. 10.14 (a)                              The buffered and unbuffered solutions have the same pH level.
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How buffers are made?
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pH of blood. Does it matters?
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How you tell something is an  electrolytes, weak electrolytes, or nonelectrolyte?
  • Fig. 10.15
  • This simple device can be used to distinguish among strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes.
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Acids/base titrations: How you do it?
  • Fig. 10.16
  • Diagram showing setup for titration procedures.
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Electrolytes  in Body Fluids
  • CC 10.5
  • Electrolyte and Body Fluids
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How does indicator show the end point?
  • Fig. 10.17
  • An acid-base titration using an indicator that is yellow in acidic solution and red in basic solution.