Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Chapter One
  • Basic Concepts  of Matter
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Basic Concepts of Matter
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Three States of Matter
  • Solid, liquid, and gas states
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Chemical Reactions
  • Fig. 1.3
  • The green color of the Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of copper with the components of air.
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Chemical Substances
  • "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance
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Changes of States
  • The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to liquid.
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Rusting is a chemical reaction

  • As a result of chemical change, bright steel girders become rusty when exposed to moist air.
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Physical Vs. Chemical changes
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Magnetic separations
  • A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings.
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Classification of matter
  • Fig 1.7  Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
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Pure substances
  • Fig 1.8  A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.
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Classification of matter cont’d
  •  Fig. 1.9
  • Questions used in classifying matter into various categories.
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Classification of matter cont’d
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Elements and properties
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Abundance of Elements
  • Abundance of elements in the universe and in Earth’s crust (in atom percent)
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Elements of human body
  • C.C. 1.2 Elemental Composition of the Human Body
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Naming elements

  • Table 1.1
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Can we see atoms?
  • Fig. 1.12                                             A computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by computer.
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Size of atoms
  • Fig. 1.13
  • 254 million atoms arranged in a straight line would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch.
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Molecular structure
  • Fig 1.14  Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur
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Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
  • Fig. 1.15
  •      Depictions of various simple heteroatomic molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms.
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Homo- and heteo-atomic molecules
  • Example 1.2
  • Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound.
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What type of molecules?
  • Practice Example 1.2
  • Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound.