| Second law of thermodynamics |
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| • | The entropy of
the universe increases in a |
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| spontaneous
process and is equal to zero in |
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| a system at
equilibrium. |
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| • | Not always easy
to calculate the entropy |
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| change of the
universe. |
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| • | Define a new
quantity, G, Gibbs
free |
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| energy. G refers
to the system we are |
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| studying. |
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