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Find rays have
same properties regardless of metal
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used in
constructing the cathode.
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Experiments show that cathode rays are
made of
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charged particles
that interact with electric and
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magnetic field
when moving.
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Particles are negatively charged
(repelled by the
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negative plate,
attracted toward the positive plate).
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These negative
particles are fundamental particles
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of matter.
Called electrons. (1897 Thomson)
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