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    | • | Find rays have
    same properties regardless of metal 
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    |  | used in
    constructing the cathode. 
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    |  | 
   
    | • | Experiments show that cathode rays are
    made of 
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    |  | charged particles
    that interact with electric and 
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    |  | magnetic field
    when moving. 
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    |  | 
   
    | • | Particles are negatively charged
    (repelled by the 
 |  | 
   
    |  | negative plate,
    attracted toward the positive plate). 
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    |  | 
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    |  | 
   
    | • | These negative
    particles are fundamental particles 
 |  | 
   
    |  | of matter.
    Called  electrons. (1897 Thomson) 
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